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Class Aves includes all birds. Birds have an outer covering of feathers, are endothermic (warm-blooded), breathe air, have front limbs modified into wings, and lay eggs. Many bird species rely on intertidal habitats as places to rest or hunt for food. |
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gulls/seagulls (Larus spp.) |
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Gulls are medium to large, stout, long-winged sea birds in the Family Laridae. Like other members of this bird family, gulls have feet with three webbed toes. Most adult gulls are gray and white and some have black markings on the head or wing regions. Gulls of the Larus genus are widespread and abundant at many coastal and even inland areas. Gulls are omnivores and will hunt and scavenge for food. Some gulls use their sturdy bills to pry mussels and other shellfish off rocks in the intertidal zones, then fly up high to drop their prey onto rocks to crack open the shells and gain access to the meat inside. |
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American oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) and black oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) |
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These shorebirds have long, pink legs and straight, red-orange bills. The black oystercatcher's plumage is completely black while American oystercatchers have white bellies and white wing and tail patches. Black oystercatchers range along rocky coasts from the Aleutian Islands and along the North America's Pacific coast to Baja California, Mexico. The American oystercatcher inhabits coastlines from western Mexico to Chile and from Cape Cod to Argentina. An oystercatcher's bill is laterally compressed with a chisel-like tip to help the oystercatcher forage for food—either to pry limpets, chitons, and barnacles off the rocks or to open the shells of mussels or other bivalves. |
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ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres) and black turnstone (Arenaria melanocephala) |
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Turnstones are fairly small shorebirds with plump bodies, short legs, and relatively short and slightly upturned bills. Ruddy turnstones have a worldwide distribution on rocky coasts while black turnstones inhabit Pacific Coast rocky shores. Turnstones use their bills to turn over small rocks, seaweed, and shells while foraging. The black turnstone often hunts in the splash zone by using its bill to force open acorn barnacle shells. |
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